The Old Tongue is the language spoken in the [Age of Legends|history/aol/index]. In the current [Westlands|../geography/index.html#west] only the well-educated know more than a few words.

For a thorough discussion of the Old Tongue, its etymology and the meanings of words and phrases, one of the best sources is Aaron Bergman's [The Compleat Old Tongue 2.0|history/compleat] and references therein.

Here is a listing of Old Tongue words and phrases by where they first appear in the books. They are linked to their definitions and etymology in [The Compleat Old Tongue 2.0|history/compleat]. Locations of definitions, if not in the same chapter, are added parenthetically.



[{Table 
|| Chapter || Phrases
| __[Guide]__ | ''ajah'' - a temporary organization\\''Alindrelle'' - no definition, but from context it means the "West Waters"\\ ''Osendrelle'' - no definition, but from context it means the "East Waters"
| __[PotD|../books/guide/index.html#4]__ | ''alsa'daar'' - Moon Tower
| __[SaSG]__ | ''Shadar Nor'' - Cutter of the Shadow, Slicer of the Shadow
| __[NS,Ch16]__ | ''carneira'' - first, or first lover
| __[NS,Ch23]__ | [''Rahien''|../history/compleat.html#rahien] - dawn
| __[TEotW,Prologue]__ | [''Ishamael''|../history/compleat.html#ishamael] - Betrayer of Hope
| __[TEotW,Ch6]__ | [''Avendesora''|../history/compleat.html#avendesora] - Tree of Life\\[''Avendoraldera''|../history/compleat.html#avendoraldera] - no translation given
| __[TEotW,Ch9]__ | [''al''|../history/compleat.html#al] - of, son of\\''ay'' - of, daughter of\\[''Manetheren''|../history/compleat.html#manetheren] - Mountain Home\\[''Manetherendrelle''|../history/compleat.html#manetherendrelle] - Waters of the Mountain Home
| __[TEotW,Ch13]__ | 
[''Aldieb''|../history/compleat.html#aldieb] - West Wind, the wind that brings the spring rains\\
[''Mandarb''|../history/compleat.html#mandarb] - Blade
| __[TEotW,Ch18]__ | [''Carai an Caldazar.''|../history/compleat.html#phCaraiCal] - For the honor of the Red Eagle.\\[''Carai an Ellisande. Al Ellisande.''|../history/compleat.html#phCaraiEll] - For the honor of the Rose of the Sun. The Rose of the Sun.
| __[TEotW,Ch19]__ | [''Shadar Logoth''|../history/compleat.html#phShadar] - the Place Where the Shadow Waits, Shadow's Waiting
| __[TEotW,Ch25]__ | [''Tuatha'an''|../history/compleat.html#tuatha'an] - Traveling People\\[''Mahdi''|../history/compleat.html#mahdi] - Seeker\\[''Far Dareis Mai''|../history/compleat.html#phFarDareis] - Maidens of the Spear
| __[TEotW,Ch36]__ | [''Al'cair'rahienallen''|../history/compleat.html#al'cair'rahienallen] - Hill of the Golden Dawn\\[''ta'veren''|../history/compleat.html#ta'veren] - no translation given\\[''ta'maral'ailen''|../history/compleat.html#ta'maral'ailen] - Web of Destiny

| __[TEotW,Ch43]__ | [''Machin Shin''|../history/compleat.html#phMachin] - Black Wind

| __[TEotW,Ch46]__ | [''Dai Shan''|../history/compleat.html#phDai] - battle lord\\[''Kiserai ti Wansho.''|../history/compleat.html#phKiserai] - Glory to the Builders.\\''Tsingu ma choba'' - I am unworthy.\\[''Ninte calichniye no domashita,''|history/compleat.html#phNinte] ''[Agelmar]'' [''Dai Shan''|history/compleat.html#phDai] - Your welcome warms me, Lord [Agelmar].\\[''Kodome calichniye ga ni Aes Sedai hei''|history/compleat.html#phKodome] - Here is always a welcome for [Aes Sedai]. 

| __[TEotW,Ch48]__ | [''Suravye ninto manshima taishite''|../history/compleat.html#phSuravye] - Peace favor your sword. 

| __[TEotW,Ch49]__ | [''Mordero daghain pas duente cuebiyar.''|../history/compleat.html#phMordero] - no translation given, word for word translation is - Death fear none holds my heart\\''Tsingu ma choshih, T'ingshen.'' - You honor me, Treebrother. 

| __[TEotW,Ch52]__ | [''cuendillar''|../history/compleat.html#cuendillar] - heartstone\\[''Tia mi aven Moridin isainde vadin''|../history/compleat.html#phTiaMi] - The grave is no bar to my call. 

| __[TGH,Ch2]__ | [''shatayan''|../history/compleat.html#shatayan] - chatelaine, or head housekeeper\\[''shambayan''|../history/compleat.html#shambayan] - chamberlain, or head butler

| __[TGH,Ch4]__ | ''Magami'' - Little Uncle\\''[Atha'an Miere|../history/compleat.html#phAtha'an]'' - Sea Folk

| __[TGH,Ch7]__ | ''[Lanfear|../history/compleat.html#lanfear]'' - Daughter of the Night\\[''Do Miere A'vron''|../history/compleat.html#phDo] - Watchers Over the Waves 

| __[TGH,Ch8]__ | ''[Tai'shar|history/compleat.html#tai'shar] [Malkier]'' - true blood of [Malkier|geography/malkier/index]\\''[mashiara|../history/compleat.html#mashiara]'' - lost love

| __[TGH,Ch9]__ | ''Kiseran'' - Builder

| __[TGH,Ch16]__ | ''[alantin|../history/compleat.html#phTiaAvende]'' - Brother, short for Brother to the Trees

| __[TGH,Ch19]__ | [''alantin''|../history/compleat.html#alantin] short for [''tia avende alantin''|../history/compleat.html#phTiaAvende] - Brother to the Trees\\[''Tia mi aven Moridin isainde vadin''|../history/compleat.html#phTiaMi] - The grave is no bar to my call. 

| __[TGH,Ch21]__ | ''[Daes Dae'mar|../history/compleat.html#phDa'es]'' - the Great Game or Game of Houses

| __[TGH,Ch22]__ | [''a'vron''|../history/compleat.html#a'vron] - watchers\\[''ma'vron''|../history/compleat.html#ma'vron] short for [''Do Miere A'vron''|../history/compleat.html#phDo] - Watchers Over the Waves

| __[TGH,Ch29]__ | [''Corenne''|../history/compleat.html#corenne] - Return\\[''Hailene''|../history/compleat.html#hailene] - Forerunners, Those Who Come Before\\[''Rhyagelle''|../history/compleat.html#rhyagelle] - Homecomers, Those Who Come Home.\\[''damane''|../history/compleat.html#damane] - leashed one

| __[TGH,Ch40]__ | [''a'dam''|../history/compleat.html#a'dam] - leash\\[''sul'dam''|../history/compleat.html#sul'dam] - leash holder\\[''marath'damane''|../history/compleat.html#marath] - Those Who Must Be Leashed

| __[The Great Hunt],Glossary__ | [''Gaidin''|../history/compleat.html#gaidin] - Brother to Battles

| __[The Dragon Reborn],Map__ | ''Alindrelle'' - no definition, but from context it means the "West Waters"\\ ''Osendrelle'' - no definition, but from context it means the "East Waters"

| __[TDR,Prologue|books/tdr/prologue]__ | [''Ordeith''|../history/compleat.html#ordeith] - wormwood

| __[TDR,Ch18]__\\and\\__[TDR,Ch19]__ | [''Muad'drin tia dar allende caba'drin rhadiem!''|../history/compleat.html#phMuad'drin] - Footmen prepare to pass cavalry forward!\\[''Los Valdar Cuebiyari! Los!''|../history/compleat.html#phLosValdar] - Forward the Heart Guard! - or - The Heart Guard will advance!\\[''Carai an Caldazar! Al Caldazar!''|../history/compleat.html#phCaraiCal] - For the honor of the Red Eagle! The Red Eagle!\\[''Mia ayende, Aes Sedai!''|history/compleat.html#ph] - Release me, [Aes Sedai]!\\ [''Caballein misain ye!''|../history/compleat.html#phCavallein] - I am a free man!\\[''Inde muagdhe Aes Sedai misain ye!''|history/compleat.html#phInde] - I am no [Aes Sedai] meat!

| __[TDR,Ch21]__ | [%%ot Tel'aran'rhiod%%|../history/compleat.html#tel'aran'rhiod] - the Unseen World - or - the World of Dreams

| __[TDR,Ch34]__ | [''Shae'en M'taal''|../history/compleat.html#phShae'en] - Stone Dogs

| __[TDR,Ch35]__ | [''Faile''|../history/compleat.html#faile] - falcon

| __[TDR,Ch54]__ | [''Aethan Dor''|../history/compleat.html#phAethan] - Red Shields

| __[TSR,Ch1]__ | [''so'jhin''|history/compleat.html#so'jhin] - a height among lowness, both sky and valley ([The Path of Daggers],Glossary)

| __[TSR,Ch22]__ | [''Jeade'en''|../history/compleat.html#jeade'en] - True Finder\\[''Far Aldazar Din''|../history/compleat.html#phFarAldazar] - Brothers of the Eagle\\[''Duadhe Mahdi'in''|../history/compleat.html#phDuadhe] - Water Seekers\\[''Seia Doon''|../history/compleat.html#phSeia] - Black Eyes\\[''Sha'mad Conde''|../history/compleat.html#phSha'mad] - Thunder Walkers

| __[TSR,Ch23]__ | [''Aan'allein''|../history/compleat.html#aan'allein] - One Man, the man who is an entire people\\[''gai'shain''|../history/compleat.html#gai'shain] - those sworn to peace in battle\\''ji'e'toh'' - honor and duty\\[''Aes Sedai''|../history/compleat.html#phAes] - servant of all\\[''Aiel''|../history/compleat.html#aiel] - dedicated, an oath written into your bones\\[''Jenn Aiel''|../history/compleat.html#phJenn] - true dedicated

| __[TSR,Ch25]__ | [''Da'shain''|../history/compleat.html#da'shain] - one who is sworn to peace

| __[TSR,Ch34]__ | [''Car'a'carn''|../history/compleat.html#car'a'carn] - Chief of chiefs\\[''Al'cair Dal''|../history/compleat.html#phAlcair] - The Golden Bowl\\[''shaiel''|../history/compleat.html#Shaiel] - Woman Who Is Dedicated

| __[TSR,Ch37]__ | [''Sa souvraya niende misain ye.''|../history/compleat.html#phSa] - I am lost in my own mind.

| __[TSR,Ch57]__ | [''Tain Shari''|../history/compleat.html#phTain] - True Bloods\\['' dovienya''|../history/compleat.html#dovienya] - luck\\[''Mia dovienya nesodhin soende''|../history/compleat.html#phMiaDovienya] - translation uncertain

| __[The Shadow Rising],Glossary__ | [''cadin'sor''|../history/compleat.html#cadin'sor] - working clothes

| __[TFoH,Ch1]__ | [''Serenla''|../history/compleat.html#serenla]  - stubborn daughter\\[''Chalinda''|../history/compleat.html#chalinda] - sweet girl

| __[TFoH,Ch3]__ | [''Sene sovya caba'donde ain dovienya''|../history/compleat.html#phSene] - Luck is a horse to ride like any other. 

| __[TFoH,Ch14]__ | [''moghedien''|../history/compleat.html#moghedien] - a tiny, deadly spider. 

| __[TFoH,Ch43]__ | [''Los! Los caba'drin!''|../history/compleat.html#phLosCaba'drin] - Horsemen forward! 

| __[TFoH,Ch44]__ | [''Sammael''|../history/compleat.html#sammael] - Destroyer of Hope. 

| __[TFoH,Ch46]__ | [''siswai'aman''|../history/compleat.html#siswai'aman] - the spear of the Dragon. 

| __[TFoH,Ch51]__ | [''Shen an Calhar''|../history/compleat.html#phShen] - Band of the Red Hand

| __[TFoH,Ch53]__ | [''Dovie'andi se tovya sagain.''|../history/compleat.html#phDovie'andi] - It's time to roll the dice. 

| __[TFoH,Ch54]__ | [''Cor Darei''|../history/compleat.html#phCor] - Night Spears

| __[The Fires of Heaven],Glossary__ | [''Rahien Sorei''|../history/compleat.html#phRahien] - Dawn Runners\\[''Sovin Nai''|../history/compleat.html#phSovin] - Knife Hands\\[''Hama N'dore''|../history/compleat.html#phHama] - Mountain Dancers 

| __[LoC,Prologue|books/loc/prologue]__ | [''Shaidar Haran''|../history/compleat.html#phShaidar] - Hand of the Dark\\''Nae'blis'' - no translation - the [Great Lord|characters/s/shaitan]'s Regent on Earth ([TPoD,Ch12])\\''osan'gar'' - left-hand dagger\\''aran'gar'' - right-hand dagger 
| __[LoC,Ch5]__ | [''Dovie'andi se tovya sagain.''|../history/compleat.html#phDovie'andi] - It's time to toss the dice.
| __[LoC,Ch6]__ | [''Tsag!''|../history/compleat.html#tsag] - an oath\\[''Bajad drovja!''|../history/compleat.html#phBajad] - an oath
| __[LoC,Ch42]__ | 
''Asha'man'' - guardian or defender of a just cause
| __[ACoS,Ch1]__ | [''algai'd'siswai''|../history/compleat.html#algai'd'siswai] - spear fighters
| __[ACoS,Ch2]__ | [''M'Hael''|../history/compleat.html#m'hael] - leader\\[''da'tsang''|history/compleat.html#da'tsang] - despised one ([ACoS,Ch40])
| __[ACoS,Ch3]__ | ''Sei'cair'' - Golden Eyes
| __[ACoS,Ch11]__ | [''Daishar''|../history/compleat.html#daishar] - glory
| __[ACoS,Ch16]__ | [''Deveniye, dyu ninte concion ca'lyet ye''|../history/compleat.html#Deveniye] - Majesty, by your summons do I come.
| __[ACoS,Ch21]__ | [''Nosane iro gavane domorakoshi, Diynen'd'ma'purvene?''|../history/compleat.html#phNosane] - Speak we what language, Sounder of the Horn?
| __[ACoS,Ch25]__ | [''cour'souvra''|../history/compleat.html#cour'souvra] - mindtrap\\[''Mia'cova''|../history/compleat.html#mia'cova] - One Who Owns Me, My Owner\\[''Moridin''|../history/compleat.html#Moridin] - The Grave, Death
| __[ACoS,Ch26]__ | [''da'covale''|../history/compleat.html#da'covale] - person who is owned\\''der'sul'dam'' - master leash holder ([The Path of Daggers],Glossary)
| __[ACoS,Ch34]__ | ''Tai'daishar'' - Lord of Glory\\''Seiera'' - blue-eye
| __[ACoS,Ch37]__ | ''ashandarei'' - no definition given, but ''Asha'man'' means "guardian" and ''darei'' means "spear"
| __[ACoS,Ch40]__ | [''Mera'din''|../history/compleat.html#mera'din] - Brotherless\\[''Nar'baha''|../history/compleat.html#nar'baha] - fool box
| __[TPoD,Ch6]__ | ''morat'raken'' - ''raken'' handler ([The Path of Daggers],Glossary)\\''der'morat'raken'' - master ''raken'' handler ([The Path of Daggers],Glossary)
| __[TPoD,Ch8]__ | ''Cha Faile'' - Falcon's Talon
| __[TPoD,Ch12]__ | ''Cyndane'' - Last Chance
| __[TPoD,Ch21]__ | ''Tsorovan'm'hael'' - Storm Leader\\''Baijan'm'hael'' - Attack Leader
| __[TPoD,Ch23]__ | ''morat'torm'' - ''torm'' handler
| __[TPoD,Ch24]__ | ''morat'grolm'' - ''grolm'' handler\\''sei'taer'' - straight eyes, level eyes ([The Path of Daggers],Glossary)
| __[The Path of Daggers],Glossary__ | ''der'morat'' - master handler\\''morat'' - handler\\''sei'mosiev'' - lowered eyes, downcast eyes
| __[WH,Ch14]__ | ''Soe'feia'' - Truthspeaker or Speaker of Truth
| __[CoT,Ch10]__ | ''Siswai'' - spear
| __[KoD,Prologue|books/kod/prologue]__ | ''Atha'an Shadar'' - Darkfriend
| __[KoD,Prologue|books/kod/prologue]__ | ''Da'concion'' - Chosen Ones
| __[KoD,Ch8]__ | ''Akein'' - swallow
| __[KoD,Ch10]__ | ''Caisen'' - Old
| __[KoD,Ch11]__ | ''Piri'' - Match
| __[KoD,Ch13]__ |''Mageen'' - Daisy
| __[KoD,Ch15]__ | ''Ansoen'' - lies, fiction
| __[KoD,Ch15]__ | ''Imsoen'' - truth, non-fiction
| __[KoD,Ch26]__ | ''ta'veren'' - tied to the Pattern
| __[TGS,Ch35]__ | ''Tsorov'ande Doon'' - Black-Souled Tempests
| __[TGS,Ch44]__ | ''amahn'rukane'' - translation uncertain
| __[ToM,Ch16]__ | ''shanna'har'' - translation uncertain - marriage celebration
| __[ToM,Ch24]__ | ''Desya gavane cierto cuendar isain carentin.'' - A resolute heart is worth ten arguments.
| __[ToM,Ch31]__ | ''Al dival, al kiserai, al mashi'' - For light, glory and love
| __[ToM,Ch31]__ | ''Carai an manshimaya ayend'an'' - Honor of my blade for the fallen
| __[ToM,Ch40]__ | ''Mah'alleinir'' - He who soars
| __[ToM,Ch45]__ | ''Tsodrelle'Aman'' - Tears of the Dragon
| __[Towers of Midnight],Glossary__ | ''Cordamora'' - Heart of the People
| __[AMoL,Prologue|books/amol/prologue]__ | ''[Samma N'Sei|organizations/aiel/eye_blinders]'' - Eye Blinders
| __[AMoL,Prologue]__ | ''telarti'' - a woman with fire in her soul
| __[AMoL,Prologue]__ | ''Hessalam'' - Without Forgiveness

</TABLE>

!! References
%%collapse
* [The Eye of the World]
** [TEotW,Ch9] - First mention. Before the [Trolloc Wars], many cities and places had names from the Old Tongue.
** [TEotW,Ch18] - Under attack by [Trollocs], [Mat] begins shouting in the Old Tongue. [Egwene] feels that she can almost understand what he says.
** [TEotW,Ch52] - [Loial] is fluent in the Old Tongue.
* [The Dragon Reborn]
** [TDR,Ch18] - As [Mat] is [Healed|Weaves#h], he shouts fluently in the Old Tongue.
** [TDR,Ch19] - [Mat] recalls speaking the Old Tongue.
** [TDR,Ch24] - [Mat] now occasionally slips and speaks in the Old Tongue.
* [The Shadow Rising]
** [TSR,Ch15] - The [Aelfinn|creatures/Finn] and [Eelfinn|Finn] speak the Old Tongue.
** [TSR,Ch24] - Talking with the [Eelfinn|Finn], [Mat] is not sure if he is speaking common tongue or Old Tongue.
** [TSR,Ch26] - [Mat] is now fluent in Old Tongue.
* [The Fires of Heaven]
** [TFoH,Ch44] - [Rand] remembers Old Tongue phrases from [Lews Therin|ltt]'s memories.
* [A Crown of Swords]
** [ACoS,Ch2] - [Taim|Mazrim Taim] gives himself an Old Tongue title.
** [ACoS,Ch21] - [Birgitte] notes that [Mat]'s accent and idiom in the Old Tongue varies from moment to moment.
* [The Path of Daggers]
** [TPoD,Ch21] - Mimicking [Gedwyn], [Gedwyn] and [Rochaid] also take Old Tongue titles.
%%

}]